平衡交易量指标(OBV)是由 Joseph Granville 开发，在他的《每日股票市场获最大利益之战略》一书中有所描述。OBV通过对比价格与成交量来判定集聚或分散的程度。如果收盘价升高，那么该指标将会加上成交量；如果收盘价降低，则该指标减去交易量。如果收盘价未发生改变，那么交易指标也不发生变化。

交易信号
OBV指标应该与别的指标结合起来使用。

盘整期
注意盘整期OBV的上升或下降趋势：
• OBV上升是对价格向上突破的预警。
• OBV下降则预示着价格有可能向下突破。

单边市场
上升的OBV是对市场上升趋势的确认，下降的OBV是对下降趋势的确认。
• OBV的看涨背离警示价格已经达到底部。
• 看跌背离则说明价格探顶。
 
示例
英特尔公司股价以及  OBV指标

1. 在看跌背离出现之前，价格横向波动。背离信号十分的微弱——OBV走出了较低的高点，而价格则与前期高点持平。
2. [1] 处的信号似乎不正确——价格走出了新高——但接下来OBV出现三重看跌背离，进一步说明了趋势的上升动力殆尽。
3. 进一步的看跌背离出现——价格没有突破前期高点，OBV的高点进一步降低。不久之后，价格急速下降。

公式
OBV的计算步骤如下：
1. 如果收盘价升高：
           OBV = OBV [前期] + 成交量 [当前]
2. 如果收盘价降低：
           OBV = OBV [前期] – 成交量 [当前]
3. 如果收盘价持平：
           OBV = OBV [前期]

On Balance Volume
The On Balance Volume (OBV) indicator was developed by Joseph Granville and is explained in his book Granville's New Strategy of Daily Stock Market Timing for Maximum Profit.

On Balance Volume attempts to measure the level of accumulation or distribution by comparing volume to price movements. Volume is added to the indicator if closing price moves up and subtracted if closing price moves down. No adjustment is made if closing price is unchanged.
Trading Signals
On Balance Volume should be used in conjunction with other indicators.
Ranging market
During a ranging market watch for a rising or falling On Balance Volume:
• Rising OBV warns of an upward breakout.
• Falling OBV warns of a downward breakout.
Trending Market
A rising On Balance Volume confirms an up-trend and a falling OBV confirms a down-trend.
• Bullish divergence between OBV and price warns of market bottoms.
• Bearish divergence between OBV and price warns of market tops.
 
EXAMPLE
Intel Corporation plotted with   On Balance Volume.
1. Price trades in a range during March before a bearish divergence occurs. The signal is fairly weak - price makes an equal high while On Balance Volume makes a lower high.
2. The signal at [1] appears to have been incorrect - price rises to a higher peak - but a far stronger triple divergence (price makes a higher high while OBV makes a lower high) signals weakness.
3. A further bearish divergence occurs - price makes an equal high and OBV makes a lower high. Shortly thereafter price falls sharply.
Formula
Steps in the On Balance Volume (OBV) calculation are as follows:
1. If Close for the period is higher than the previous Close:
           OBV = OBV [previous period] + Volume [current period]
2. If Close for the period is lower than the previous Close:
           OBV = OBV [previous period] - Volume [current period]
3. If Close for the period is equal to the previous Close:
           OBV = OBV [previous period]

本文翻译由兄弟财经提供

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