量子计算也许就是下一个时代话题。量子计算与传统电脑不同，普通计算机中的2位寄存器在某一时间仅能存储4个二进制数（00、01、10、11）中的一个，而量子计算机中的2位量子位寄存器可同时存储这四种状态的叠加状态。 BT Americas的安全咨询首席技术官Konstantinos Karagiannis表示，量子位可以同时分析所有的信息和可能性，这是普通计算机做不到的。量子计算的优势不是它的速度，而是它进入了另一个分析、访问数据的维度。
那么量子计算会怎样摧毁比特币呢？量子计算某个特点能够破解公钥密码。这类密码极度依赖当前电脑所能显示的字符数量。用传统电脑进行公钥加密是个旷日持有的任务，但随着量子计算的出现公钥加密就变得很简单。比特币的区块链结构是基于椭圆曲线密码学(ECC)，一种基于椭圆曲线数学的公钥密码的方法。
Karagiannis 的新版本Shor算法可以找出比特币使用的所有ECC公钥。量子计算摧毁了整个区块链，从而获得交易比特币所需的私钥。
除此之外，随着人工智能的出现和不断发展，在未来的世界，也许我们可以用深度分析和更负责的算法，在几毫秒内获取到所有人的加密信息。
Quantum Computing – Risk for Cryptography And Bitcoin?
Quantum computing may be the next big thing. The concept of quantum computing comes from the fact that unlike the bit in the classical silicon computer, which is basically a binary choice of either one or zero, a qubit (the core of quantum computers) will alternate between one, zero or a position of in-between these two. This new state is called “superposition”. According to Konstantinos Karagiannis, the Chief Technology Officer at Security Consulting at BT Americas, the qubit will be able to analyze all information and possibilities simultaneously, something that the regular computer cannot do. The major advantage of quantum computing will not be speed, but entering another dimension of analysis and access to data.
So, how can quantum computing crack bitcoin? One of the features of quantum computers will be cracking the Public Key cryptography or PK. This type of cryptography heavily relies on the factoring of large numbers, as currently performed by classical computers. This is a lengthy, time-consuming process, but with the advent of quantum computing, the PK cryptography should be a normal task. Thus, since Bitcoin’s structure (its blockchain) is based on Elliptic Curve Cryptography or ECC, which is in fact, a PK cryptography system that finds numbers on an elliptic curve. According to Karagiannis, a new modified version, known as Shor’s algorithm may find all ECC needed keys used by Bitcoin. What quantum computing can do is track the entire blockchain and thus get the private key for each person that transacts with Bitcoin.
Apart from that, with Artificial Intelligence and the constant innovations, we may soon find a world where there is a need to read everyone’s encrypted information in milliseconds, with in-depth analyses and more sophistication.
本文翻译由兄弟财经提供
文章来源：https://www.leaprate.com/cryptocurrency/quantum-computing-risk-cryptography-bitcoin/