Thom Tracy   2016年7月30日

多国家选择使用美元而不是他们自己的货币。这种情况被称为“美元化”，这主要是因为一个国家的货币增长缓慢而采用美元作为代替品。美元化发生在高通胀率的不稳定经济体中。通过接受美元进行交易和持有美元对冲其本国货币，外国进行非官方的货币替代。

美元可以用于购买商品和服务，但是美元不能取代其本国货币作为交易工具。当一个国家不再使用本国货币并且把美元当作法定货币时则出现完全美元化。然而，如果国家在完全美元化转换之后经济继续下跌，可能会招致该国在国外央行的巨额欠款。在下面5个国家中，美元交易是被完全接受的。

厄瓜多尔

在厄瓜多尔旅行的美国人不需要担心货币转换费用和汇率。1999年，受到石油价格下跌的影响，厄瓜多尔苏克雷丧失了超过82%的价值。当时的总统Jamil Mahuad在2000年1月央行主席宣布辞职并且苏克雷被正式抛弃后宣布进入紧急状态。2015年，85%厄瓜多尔人继续支持美元化，但是美元的强势和新一轮原油价格的下跌为该国经济增加了更多压力。

巴拿马

巴拿马对美元的使用早于1903年巴波亚的使用，当时该国宣布从哥伦比亚独立。美元是该国的一个自然宣布，因为美国公司在19世纪80年代法国人失败之后设计并建造了50英里的巴拿马运河，并在1914年完工。美元在巴拿马被平价使用或者说汇率为1：1。两种法定货币的使用可以使美国游客很方便的使用美元购买巴拿马商品和服务。 

越南

越南的官方货币是越南盾，于1978年投入使用。在越南，出租车司机、旅馆和餐馆接收美元，尽管越南央行试图阻塞该国大量的美元供应。出示美元报价或者接受美元付款的商人会被罚款，在岘港和河内一间豪华酒店房间只需80美元。 

伯利兹

伯利兹元兑换美元汇率为2：1.携带美元的游客在到达之后不需要兑换货币。伯利兹商品有美元价格标注，而且大多数商家接受美元付款，但是找零换成当地货币。游客会被建议完全掌握汇率，把伯利兹元当成美元使用。游客最多可以携带5000美元，而且数量必须在海关公开。 

津巴布韦

除了美元之外，津巴布韦是个还使用南非兰特、人民币和欧元多货币体系。摇摇欲坠的经济和极度恶劣通胀情况导致该国自2009年起用美元代替其本国货币，当时该国的商品和服务价格机会时刻变化。2015年美元兑兰特的升值降低该国旅游业的上涨，证明了预测的300万游客量被高估了三分之一。

5 Countries Where the USD Is Commonly Accepted

By Thom Tracy | July 30, 2016 — 10:00 AM EDT

Numerous countries have elected to use U.S. currency rather than their own. The phenomenon, known as dollarization, often results from a developing nation’s sovereign currency growing so weak that the U.S. dollar is adopted as a substitute. Dollarization takes place in unstable economies that have high rates of inflation. By accepting the U.S. dollar for transactions and holding it as an inflationary hedge against their own currencies, foreign countries participate in unofficial currency substitution.

Dollars can be used to purchase goods and services, but the U.S. currency does not supplant the nation’s domestic means of exchange. Full dollarization occurs when a nation no longer issues its own currency and treats the dollar as legal tender. One advantage to dollarization in emerging markets is the facilitation of trade with the country that issues the currency. However, if the host nation’s economy continues to stumble after the conversion, that country may incur significant debt at the hands of foreign central banks. In the following five nations, the U.S. dollar is commonly accepted for transactions.

Ecuador

Americans traveling in Ecuador have no need to worry about currency conversion fees and exchange rates. In 1999, shaken by a decline in oil prices, the Ecuadorian sucre had lost about 82% of its value. Past President Jamil Mahuad, in January 2000, declared a state of emergency after which its central bank president resigned and the sucre was officially jettisoned for the U.S. dollar. In 2015, 85% of Ecuadorians continue to favor dollarization, but the strength of the U.S dollar and another bout of depressed prices in crude, the country’s main export, have put more pressure on the economy.

Panama

Panama’s use of the U.S. dollar in addition to its Panamanian balboa dates back to 1903, when the nation declared independence from Colombia. The dollar was a natural choice for the country, as U.S. firms designed and built the 50-mile Panama Canal, finishing in 1914 after failed French attempts in the 1880s. The dollar is accepted in Panama at par or at an exchange rate of one to one. Two official currencies allow U.S. travelers the convenience of using dollars freely for Panamanian goods and services.

Vietnam

The official currency of Vietnam is the dong, which was established in 1978, three years after Saigon fell to North Vietnam and became Ho Chi Minh City. In Vietnam, taxi drivers, hotels and restaurants accept U.S. dollars, though the State Bank of Vietnam has sought to choke the vast supply of U.S. dollars floating around the developing nation. Merchants are fined for listing prices or receiving payments in U.S. dollars, only 80 of which fetches a luxury hotel room in Da Nang or Hanoi.

Belize

The Belizean dollar is exchanged for U.S. dollars at a rate of two to one. Visitors carrying dollars do not need to exchange currencies upon arrival. Prices are listed in Belizean dollars, and most businesses gladly accept U.S. dollars as payment, but change is given in the native currency. Tourists are advised to have a firm grasp of exchange rates, as the Belize dollar uses an identical symbol to the U.S. dollar. Travelers can only bring a maximum of 5,000 USD, and amounts must be declared at customs.

Zimbabwe

In combination with the U.S. dollar, Zimbabwe also uses the South African rand, Chinese yuan and euro in its multi-currency system. A faltering economy and extreme hyperinflation has led to the African nation to substitute its dollar for the U.S. dollar since 2009, when prices for goods and services often changed by the minute. A strengthening dollar against the rand in 2015 slowed tourism in the country, whose projections of 3 million visitors proved overestimated by about one-third.

本文翻译由兄弟财经提供

文章来源：http://www.investopedia.com/articles/trading/073016/5-countries-where-usd-commonly-accepted.asp